A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
John I and the Avis dynasty, the Anglo-Portuguese alliance and the road to Ceuta.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1423
Bayezid I
Ottoman Empire
1389–1402
Charles VII of France
France
1422–1433
Murad II
Ottoman Empire
1421–1433
Henry VI of England
England
1422–1433
Charles VI of France
France
1385–1422
Henry V of England
England
1413–1422
Mehmed I
Ottoman Empire
1413–1421
Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1391–1425
Murad I
Ottoman Empire
1385–1389
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1385–1395
Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1433
Ashikaga Yoshinori
Japan (Shogunate)
1429–1433
James I of Scotland
Scotland
1406–1433
Yongle Emperor
China
1402–1424
Alfonso V of Aragon
Spain
1416–1433
Richard II of England
England
1385–1399
Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1392–1412
Margaret I of Denmark
Sweden
1389–1412
Henry IV of England
England
1399–1413
Martin of Aragon
Spain
1396–1410
Hongwu Emperor
China
1385–1398
Robert III of Scotland
Scotland
1390–1406
Emperor Shōkō
Japan
1412–1428
Pope Boniface IX
Papacy
1389–1404
John I of Aragon
Spain
1387–1396
Irene Gattilusio
Rome
1399–1408
Xuande Emperor
China
1425–1433
John VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1425–1433
Pope Martin V
Papacy
1417–1431
Ferdinand I of Aragon
Spain
1412–1416
John V Palaiologos
Rome
1385–1390
Jianwen Emperor
China
1398–1402
Andronikos V Palaiologos
Rome
1403–1407
Pope Gregory XII
Papacy
1406–1415
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on John I of Portugal's life and times.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Peter Russell
Russell's classic on Henry the Navigator, exploration, Atlantic islands, and the origins of empire.
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