
Recommended read
The complete poetical works
Robert Burns
A well-regarded work on Robert III of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

John I of Portugal
Portugal
1385–1433

Bayezid I
Ottoman Empire
1389–1402

Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1423

Charles VI of France
France
1380–1422

Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1391–1425

Margaret I of Denmark
Sweden
1389–1412

Pope Boniface IX
Papacy
1389–1404

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1369–1395

Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1392–1412

Martin of Aragon
Spain
1396–1410

Richard II of England
England
1377–1399

Hongwu Emperor
China
1368–1398

Irene Gattilusio
Rome
1399–1408

Henry IV of England
England
1399–1413

Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1434; 1435–1436; 1436–1439

John I of Aragon
Spain
1387–1396

Jianwen Emperor
China
1398–1402

Yongle Emperor
China
1402–1424

Andronikos V Palaiologos
Rome
1403–1407

Emperor Go-Kameyama
Japan
1383–1392

Pope Innocent VII
Papacy
1404–1406
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Robert Burns
A well-regarded work on Robert III of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
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