Imperial Spain, 1469–1716
J. H. Elliott
Elliott on the Trastámara dynasty that Ferdinand of Antequera helped bring to power.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1412–1416
John I of Portugal
Portugal
1412–1416
Henry V of England
England
1413–1416
Mehmed I
Ottoman Empire
1413–1416
Charles VI of France
France
1412–1416
Yongle Emperor
China
1412–1416
Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1412–1416
James I of Scotland
Scotland
1412–1416
Emperor Shōkō
Japan
1412–1416
Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1412–1416
Pope Gregory XII
Papacy
1412–1415
Henry IV of England
England
1412–1413
Anna of Moscow
Rome
1416–1416
Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1412–1412
Margaret I of Denmark
Sweden
1412–1412
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Ferdinand I of Aragon's life and times.
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