
Recommended read
Imperial Spain, 1469–1716
J. H. Elliott
Elliott on the Trastámara dynasty that Ferdinand of Antequera helped bring to power.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1423

John I of Portugal
Portugal
1385–1433

Henry V of England
England
1413–1422

Mehmed I
Ottoman Empire
1413–1421

Charles VI of France
France
1380–1422

Yongle Emperor
China
1402–1424

Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1391–1425

James I of Scotland
Scotland
1406–1437

Emperor Shōkō
Japan
1412–1428

Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1434; 1435–1436; 1436–1439

Pope Gregory XII
Papacy
1406–1415

Henry IV of England
England
1399–1413

Anna of Moscow
Rome
1416–1417

Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1392–1412

Margaret I of Denmark
Sweden
1389–1412
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
J. H. Elliott
Elliott on the Trastámara dynasty that Ferdinand of Antequera helped bring to power.
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