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Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy
John Julius Norwich
Norwich's narrative history of the popes, from Saint Peter's successors to the modern Vatican.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
John I of Portugal
Portugal
1385–1433
Murad II
Ottoman Empire
1421–1444; 1446–1451
Charles VII of France
France
1422–1461
Henry VI of England
England
1422–1461; 1470–1471
Alfonso V of Aragon
Spain
1416–1458
Henry V of England
England
1413–1422
James I of Scotland
Scotland
1406–1437
Mehmed I
Ottoman Empire
1413–1421
Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1423
Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1434; 1435–1436; 1436–1439
Emperor Shōkō
Japan
1412–1428
Ashikaga Yoshinori
Japan (Shogunate)
1429–1441
Ashikaga Yoshikazu
Japan (Shogunate)
1423–1425
Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1391–1425
Yongle Emperor
China
1402–1424
John VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1425–1448
Xuande Emperor
China
1425–1435
Charles VI of France
France
1380–1422
Emperor Go-Hanazono
Japan
1428–1464
Hongxi Emperor
China
1424–1425
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Pope Martin V
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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