The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
John I of Portugal
Portugal
1391–1425
Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1423
Charles VI of France
France
1391–1422
Bayezid I
Ottoman Empire
1391–1402
Henry V of England
England
1413–1422
Mehmed I
Ottoman Empire
1413–1421
Charles VII of France
France
1422–1425
Murad II
Ottoman Empire
1421–1425
Henry VI of England
England
1422–1425
Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1425
Yongle Emperor
China
1402–1424
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1391–1395
Ashikaga Yoshikazu
Japan (Shogunate)
1423–1425
Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1392–1412
James I of Scotland
Scotland
1406–1425
Margaret I of Denmark
Sweden
1391–1412
Martin of Aragon
Spain
1396–1410
Henry IV of England
England
1399–1413
Robert III of Scotland
Scotland
1391–1406
Pope Boniface IX
Papacy
1391–1404
Emperor Shōkō
Japan
1412–1425
Richard II of England
England
1391–1399
Alfonso V of Aragon
Spain
1416–1425
Irene Gattilusio
Rome
1399–1408
Hongwu Emperor
China
1391–1398
John I of Aragon
Spain
1391–1396
Pope Gregory XII
Papacy
1406–1415
Jianwen Emperor
China
1398–1402
Ferdinand I of Aragon
Spain
1412–1416
Andronikos V Palaiologos
Rome
1403–1407
Pope Martin V
Papacy
1417–1425
Emperor Go-Kameyama
Japan
1391–1392
Pope Innocent VII
Papacy
1404–1406
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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