
A History of Japan to 1334
George Sansom
Yoshinori's strong shogunate, Kitayama culture and the surgei-kōriki reforms.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Charles VII of France
France
1429–1441

Henry VI of England
England
1429–1441

Murad II
Ottoman Empire
1429–1441

Alfonso V of Aragon
Spain
1429–1441

John VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1429–1441

Emperor Go-Hanazono
Japan
1429–1441

Edward, King of Portugal
Portugal
1433–1438

John I of Portugal
Portugal
1429–1433

Pope Eugene IV
Papacy
1431–1441

Afonso V of Portugal
Portugal
1438–1441

James I of Scotland
Scotland
1429–1437

Xuande Emperor
China
1429–1435

Emperor Yingzong of Ming
China
1435–1441

Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1429–1434

Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1433–1437

James II of Scotland
Scotland
1437–1441

Pope Martin V
Papacy
1429–1431
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Ashikaga Yoshinori's life and times.

George Sansom
Yoshinori's strong shogunate, Kitayama culture and the surgei-kōriki reforms.
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