
Recommended read
Henry IV
Chris Given-Wilson
The Yale life of Bolingbroke, usurpation, rebellion, and the making of the Lancastrian crown.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1423

John I of Portugal
Portugal
1385–1433

Charles VI of France
France
1380–1422

Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1391–1425

Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1392–1412

Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1434; 1435–1436; 1436–1439

Yongle Emperor
China
1402–1424

Martin of Aragon
Spain
1396–1410

Margaret I of Denmark
Sweden
1389–1412

Bayezid I
Ottoman Empire
1389–1402

Irene Gattilusio
Rome
1399–1408

James I of Scotland
Scotland
1406–1437

Robert III of Scotland
Scotland
1390–1406

Pope Gregory XII
Papacy
1406–1415

Andronikos V Palaiologos
Rome
1403–1407

Pope Boniface IX
Papacy
1389–1404

Jianwen Emperor
China
1398–1402

Ferdinand I of Aragon
Spain
1412–1416

Pope Innocent VII
Papacy
1404–1406
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Chris Given-Wilson
The Yale life of Bolingbroke, usurpation, rebellion, and the making of the Lancastrian crown.
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