The Ottoman Centuries
Patrick Kinross
Kinross on Murad I's victories at Kosovo and the institutionalising of Ottoman rule in Europe.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1369–1389
Edward III of England
England
1362–1377
Ferdinand I of Portugal
Portugal
1367–1383
Peter IV of Aragon
Spain
1362–1387
Hongwu Emperor
China
1368–1389
Albert, King of Sweden
Sweden
1364–1389
Ashikaga Yoshiakira
Japan (Shogunate)
1362–1367
Peter I of Portugal
Portugal
1362–1367
Charles V of France
France
1364–1380
John I of Portugal
Portugal
1385–1389
Robert II of Scotland
Scotland
1371–1389
Charles IV
Holy Roman Empire
1362–1378
John V Palaiologos
Rome
1362–1376
Emperor Chōkei
Japan
1368–1383
Richard II of England
England
1377–1389
Charles VI of France
France
1380–1389
Emperor Go-En'yū
Japan
1371–1382
Pope Urban VI
Papacy
1378–1389
David II of Scotland
Scotland
1362–1371
Emperor Go-Kōgon
Japan
1362–1371
Toghon Temür
China
1362–1368
Pope Urban V
Papacy
1362–1370
Pope Gregory XI
Papacy
1371–1378
Emperor Go-Murakami
Japan
1362–1368
John II of France
France
1362–1364
Emperor Go-Kameyama
Japan
1383–1389
Andronikos IV Palaiologos
Rome
1376–1379
John I of Aragon
Spain
1387–1389
Magnus IV of Sweden
Sweden
1362–1364
Haakon VI of Norway
Sweden
1362–1364
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Murad I's life and times.
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