The Ottoman Centuries
Patrick Kinross
Bayezid the Thunderbolt, victory at Nicopolis and catastrophe at Ankara in Kinross's narrative.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
John I of Portugal
Portugal
1389–1402
Charles VI of France
France
1389–1402
Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1402
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1389–1395
Richard II of England
England
1389–1399
Robert III of Scotland
Scotland
1390–1402
Margaret I of Denmark
Sweden
1389–1402
Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1391–1402
Pope Boniface IX
Papacy
1389–1402
Hongwu Emperor
China
1389–1398
Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1392–1402
John I of Aragon
Spain
1389–1396
Martin of Aragon
Spain
1396–1402
Jianwen Emperor
China
1398–1402
Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1402
Irene Gattilusio
Rome
1399–1402
Emperor Go-Kameyama
Japan
1389–1392
Henry IV of England
England
1399–1402
John V Palaiologos
Rome
1389–1390
Robert II of Scotland
Scotland
1389–1390
Pope Urban VI
Papacy
1389–1389
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Bayezid I's life and times.
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