The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
John I of Portugal
Portugal
1389–1412
Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1412
Bayezid I
Ottoman Empire
1389–1402
Charles VI of France
France
1389–1412
Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1391–1412
Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1392–1412
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1389–1395
Robert III of Scotland
Scotland
1390–1406
Martin of Aragon
Spain
1396–1410
Henry IV of England
England
1399–1412
Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1412
Pope Boniface IX
Papacy
1389–1404
Richard II of England
England
1389–1399
Yongle Emperor
China
1402–1412
Hongwu Emperor
China
1389–1398
Irene Gattilusio
Rome
1399–1408
John I of Aragon
Spain
1389–1396
James I of Scotland
Scotland
1406–1412
Jianwen Emperor
China
1398–1402
Andronikos V Palaiologos
Rome
1403–1407
Pope Gregory XII
Papacy
1406–1412
Emperor Go-Kameyama
Japan
1389–1392
John V Palaiologos
Rome
1389–1390
Robert II of Scotland
Scotland
1389–1390
Pope Innocent VII
Papacy
1404–1406
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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