
Richard II
Nigel Saul
The Yale English Monarchs standard, the most trusted single-volume life of Shakespeare's king.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1377–1395

John I of Portugal
Portugal
1385–1399

Murad I
Ottoman Empire
1377–1389

Bayezid I
Ottoman Empire
1389–1399

Hongwu Emperor
China
1377–1398

Charles VI of France
France
1380–1399

Ferdinand I of Portugal
Portugal
1377–1383

Ashikaga Yoshimochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1395–1399
Robert II of Scotland
Scotland
1377–1390

John V Palaiologos
Rome
1379–1390

Peter IV of Aragon
Spain
1377–1387

John I of Aragon
Spain
1387–1396

Pope Urban VI
Papacy
1378–1389

Manuel II Palaiologos
Rome
1391–1399

Emperor Go-Kameyama
Japan
1383–1392

Albert, King of Sweden
Sweden
1377–1389

Robert III of Scotland
Scotland
1390–1399

Pope Boniface IX
Papacy
1389–1399

Margaret I of Denmark
Sweden
1389–1399

Emperor Go-Komatsu
Japan
1392–1399

Charles V of France
France
1377–1380

Emperor Chōkei
Japan
1377–1383

Martin of Aragon
Spain
1396–1399

Emperor Go-En'yū
Japan
1377–1382

Andronikos IV Palaiologos
Rome
1377–1379

Jianwen Emperor
China
1398–1399

Charles IV
Holy Roman Empire
1377–1378

Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1396–1399
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Richard II of England's life and times.

Nigel Saul
The Yale English Monarchs standard, the most trusted single-volume life of Shakespeare's king.

Desmond Seward
Places Richard's deposition in the factional politics that ended the Plantagenet dynasty.
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