The Bruce
Barbour, John
A well-regarded work on Alexander II of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
Alexander II of Scotland
- Life
- 1198–1249
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1214–1249
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1223–1247
Kujō Yoritsune
Japan (Shogunate)
1226–1244
Henry III of England
England
1216–1249
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1217–1230
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1234–1249
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1221–1249
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1220–1249
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1224–1249
Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1214–1223
Louis IX of France
France
1226–1249
John, King of England
England
1214–1216
Henry I of Castile
Spain
1214–1217
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1214–1219
Johan Sverkersson
Sweden
1216–1222
Pope Gregory IX
Papacy
1227–1241
Philip II of France
France
1214–1223
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1214–1224
Emperor Go-Horikawa
Japan
1221–1232
Pope Honorius III
Papacy
1216–1227
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1214–1222
Emperor Shijō
Japan
1232–1242
Louis VIII of France
France
1223–1226
Emperor Aizong of Jin
China
1224–1234
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1214–1224
Emperor Juntoku
Japan
1214–1221
Pope Innocent IV
Papacy
1243–1249
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1214–1218
Emperor Go-Saga
Japan
1242–1246
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1246–1249
Knut Långe
Sweden
1229–1234
Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1214–1216
Kujō Yoritsugu
Japan (Shogunate)
1244–1249
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Alexander II of Scotland's life and times.
Scotland: A History
Jenny Wormald
The standard one-volume history of Scotland, essential context for the early kingdom and its kings.
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