Recommended read
A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
Afonso II, charters, towns, and royal authority in thirteenth-century Portugal.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1213–1276
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1203–1219
John, King of England
England
1199–1216
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1217–1230
Philip II of France
France
1180–1223
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1194–1224
Johan Sverkersson
Sweden
1216–1222
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1205–1222
Henry I of Castile
Spain
1214–1217
Erik Knutsson
Sweden
1208–1216
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1158–1214
Peter II of Aragon
Spain
1196–1213
Emperor Juntoku
Japan
1210–1221
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1213–1224
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1214–1249
Henry III of England
England
1216–1272
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1222–1229; 1234–1250
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1209–1218
Pope Honorius III
Papacy
1216–1227
Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1198–1216
William the Lion
Scotland
1165–1214
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1220–1250
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1221–1254
Wanyan Yongji
China
1209–1213
Emperor Go-Horikawa
Japan
1221–1232
Meanwhile in history
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From the library
Go deeper on Afonso II of Portugal
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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