Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor
David Abulafia
Abulafia's acclaimed life of the Stupor Mundi, Sicily, empire, and crusade in one ruler.
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Life
- 1195–1250
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1220–1250
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1223–1247
Kujō Yoritsune
Japan (Shogunate)
1226–1244
Henry III of England
England
1220–1250
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1234–1250
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1221–1250
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1220–1230
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1224–1250
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1220–1249
Louis IX of France
France
1226–1250
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1248–1250
Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1220–1223
Pope Gregory IX
Papacy
1227–1241
Emperor Go-Horikawa
Japan
1221–1232
Emperor Shijō
Japan
1232–1242
Emperor Aizong of Jin
China
1224–1234
Louis VIII of France
France
1223–1226
Philip II of France
France
1220–1223
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1220–1224
Pope Innocent IV
Papacy
1243–1250
Pope Honorius III
Papacy
1220–1227
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1246–1250
Emperor Go-Saga
Japan
1242–1246
Knut Långe
Sweden
1229–1234
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1249–1250
Kujō Yoritsugu
Japan (Shogunate)
1244–1250
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1220–1224
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor's life and times.
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