John III Doukas Vatatzes

Reign: 1221 – 1254
Life: 1192–1254

The struggle ended with the Battle of Poimanenon in 1224, in which his opponents were defeated in spite of support from the Latin Empire of Constantinople . John III's victory led to territorial concessions by the Latin Empire in 1225, followed by John incursion into Europe, where he seized Adrianople . In that same year, the Bulgarians and Nicaeans campaigned against the Latin Empire, and in 1236 they attempted a joint siege of Constantinople . In the west, Innocent IV was more successful against Frederick II, and a papal-supported rebellion defeated the imperial army at the Battle of Parma in 1248.

During John III Doukas Vatatzes' reign, James I of Aragon ruled Spain, Sancho II of Portugal ruled Portugal, and Kujō Yoritsune ruled Japan (Shogunate).

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SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome by Mary Beard

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SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome

Mary Beard

Beard's acclaimed introduction to Roman politics and emperors, readable and wide-ranging.

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