The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1221–1254
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1223–1247
Kujō Yoritsune
Japan (Shogunate)
1226–1244
Henry III of England
England
1221–1254
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1224–1254
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1234–1250
Louis IX of France
France
1226–1254
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1221–1230
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1221–1250
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1221–1249
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1248–1254
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1252–1254
Pope Gregory IX
Papacy
1227–1241
Emperor Go-Horikawa
Japan
1221–1232
Pope Innocent IV
Papacy
1243–1254
Emperor Shijō
Japan
1232–1242
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1246–1254
Emperor Aizong of Jin
China
1224–1234
Louis VIII of France
France
1223–1226
Philip II of France
France
1221–1223
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1221–1224
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1249–1254
Pope Honorius III
Papacy
1221–1227
Emperor Go-Saga
Japan
1242–1246
Kujō Yoritsugu
Japan (Shogunate)
1244–1252
Knut Långe
Sweden
1229–1234
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1250–1254
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1221–1224
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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