
Recommended read
The Bruce
Barbour, John
A well-regarded work on Alexander III of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

James I of Aragon
Spain
1213–1276
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1248–1279

Kublai Khan
China
1271–1294

Edward I of England
England
1272–1307

Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1252–1266

Denis I of Portugal
Portugal
1279–1325

Henry III of England
England
1216–1272

Louis IX of France
France
1226–1270

Pope Martin IV
Papacy
1281–1285

Michael VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1261–1282

Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1250–1275

Philip III of France
France
1270–1285

Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1224–1264

Emperor Kameyama
Japan
1260–1274

Emperor Duzong of Song
China
1264–1274

Emperor Go-Uda
Japan
1274–1287

Anna of Hungary
Rome
1273–1281

Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1246–1260

Magnus III of Sweden
Sweden
1275–1290

John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1221–1254

Theodore II Laskaris
Rome
1254–1258

Andronikos II Palaiologos
Rome
1282–1328

John IV Laskaris
Rome
1259–1262

Emperor Duanzong of Song
China
1276–1278

Pope Alexander IV
Papacy
1254–1261

Pope Innocent IV
Papacy
1243–1254

Pope Gregory X
Papacy
1271–1276
Pope Clement IV
Papacy
1265–1268
Pope Urban IV
Papacy
1261–1264

Pope Nicholas III
Papacy
1277–1280
Kujō Yoritsugu
Japan (Shogunate)
1244–1252
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Barbour, John
A well-regarded work on Alexander III of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
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