The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1216–1222
Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1216–1222
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1217–1222
Philip II of France
France
1216–1222
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1216–1222
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1216–1219
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1216–1222
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1216–1222
Henry III of England
England
1216–1222
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1216–1222
Pope Honorius III
Papacy
1216–1222
Emperor Juntoku
Japan
1216–1221
Henry I of Castile
Spain
1216–1217
John, King of England
England
1216–1216
Erik Knutsson
Sweden
1216–1216
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1216–1218
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1220–1222
Emperor Go-Horikawa
Japan
1221–1222
Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1216–1216
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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