The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1229–1234
Kujō Yoritsune
Japan (Shogunate)
1229–1234
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1229–1234
Louis IX of France
France
1229–1234
Henry III of England
England
1229–1234
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1229–1234
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1229–1234
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1229–1234
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1229–1234
Pope Gregory IX
Papacy
1229–1234
Emperor Aizong of Jin
China
1229–1234
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1229–1230
Emperor Go-Horikawa
Japan
1229–1232
Emperor Shijō
Japan
1232–1234
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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