The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1221–1232
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1221–1230
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1223–1232
Kujō Yoritsune
Japan (Shogunate)
1226–1232
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1222–1229
Henry III of England
England
1221–1232
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1221–1232
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1221–1232
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1221–1232
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1224–1232
Emperor Aizong of Jin
China
1224–1232
Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1221–1223
Louis IX of France
France
1226–1232
Johan Sverkersson
Sweden
1221–1222
Pope Honorius III
Papacy
1221–1227
Pope Gregory IX
Papacy
1227–1232
Louis VIII of France
France
1223–1226
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1221–1224
Philip II of France
France
1221–1223
Knut Långe
Sweden
1229–1232
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1221–1224
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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