The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1242–1246
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1242–1246
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1242–1246
Louis IX of France
France
1242–1246
Henry III of England
England
1242–1246
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1242–1246
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1242–1246
Kujō Yoritsune
Japan (Shogunate)
1242–1244
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1242–1246
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1242–1246
Pope Innocent IV
Papacy
1243–1246
Kujō Yoritsugu
Japan (Shogunate)
1244–1246
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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