The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1194–1214
John, King of England
England
1199–1216
Peter II of Aragon
Spain
1196–1213
Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1194–1211
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1203–1219
Philip II of France
France
1194–1223
James I of Aragon
Spain
1213–1224
Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1211–1223
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1217–1224
Richard I of England
England
1194–1199
Erik Knutsson
Sweden
1208–1216
Henry I of Castile
Spain
1214–1217
Alfonso II of Aragon
Spain
1194–1196
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1194–1199
Johan Sverkersson
Sweden
1216–1222
William the Lion
Scotland
1194–1214
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1205–1222
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1223–1224
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1222–1224
Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1198–1216
Knut Eriksson
Sweden
1194–1196
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
China
1194–1209
Emperor Tsuchimikado
Japan
1198–1210
Henry III of England
England
1216–1224
Alexios III Angelos
Rome
1195–1203
Emperor Juntoku
Japan
1210–1221
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1209–1218
Sverker II of Sweden
Sweden
1195–1208
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1214–1224
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1213–1224
Pope Honorius III
Papacy
1216–1224
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1220–1224
Emperor Go-Toba
Japan
1194–1198
Wanyan Yongji
China
1209–1213
Emperor Go-Horikawa
Japan
1221–1224
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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