Saint Louis
Jacques Le Goff
Le Goff's landmark study of the crusader-saint who embodied medieval French kingship.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1226–1270
Henry III of England
England
1226–1270
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1248–1270
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1226–1247
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1226–1264
Kujō Yoritsune
Japan (Shogunate)
1226–1244
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1252–1266
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1234–1250
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1226–1230
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1226–1254
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1226–1250
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1226–1249
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1249–1270
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1250–1270
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1246–1260
Pope Gregory IX
Papacy
1227–1241
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1261–1270
Emperor Duzong of Song
China
1264–1270
Emperor Kameyama
Japan
1260–1270
Pope Innocent IV
Papacy
1243–1254
Emperor Shijō
Japan
1232–1242
Theodore II Laskaris
Rome
1254–1258
John IV Laskaris
Rome
1259–1262
Emperor Go-Horikawa
Japan
1226–1232
Pope Alexander IV
Papacy
1254–1261
Emperor Aizong of Jin
China
1226–1234
Emperor Go-Saga
Japan
1242–1246
Pope Clement IV
Papacy
1265–1268
Pope Urban IV
Papacy
1261–1264
Knut Långe
Sweden
1229–1234
Kujō Yoritsugu
Japan (Shogunate)
1244–1252
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Louis IX of France's life and times.
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