The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1243–1254
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1248–1254
Louis IX of France
France
1243–1254
Henry III of England
England
1243–1254
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1243–1254
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1243–1250
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1243–1254
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1243–1247
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1252–1254
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1246–1254
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1243–1250
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1243–1249
Kujō Yoritsugu
Japan (Shogunate)
1244–1252
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1249–1254
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1250–1254
Emperor Go-Saga
Japan
1243–1246
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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