The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1246–1260
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1248–1260
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1252–1260
Louis IX of France
France
1246–1260
Henry III of England
England
1246–1260
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1246–1260
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1246–1250
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1249–1260
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1246–1254
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1246–1247
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1250–1260
Pope Innocent IV
Papacy
1246–1254
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1246–1250
Theodore II Laskaris
Rome
1254–1258
Pope Alexander IV
Papacy
1254–1260
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1246–1249
Kujō Yoritsugu
Japan (Shogunate)
1246–1252
John IV Laskaris
Rome
1259–1260
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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