The Peacock Throne
Waldemar Hansen
A sweeping narrative of Shah Jahan's reign, the Taj Mahal, succession, and imperial splendour.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Charles I of England
England
1628–1649
Louis XIV of France
France
1643–1658
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1628–1658
Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1648–1658
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1628–1651
Charles I of England
Scotland
1628–1649
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1637–1657
Louis XIII of France
France
1628–1643
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1632–1654
Shunzhi Emperor
China
1644–1658
Pope Urban VIII
Papacy
1628–1644
Oliver Cromwell
England
1653–1658
John IV of Portugal
Portugal
1640–1656
Murad IV
Ottoman Empire
1628–1640
Chongzhen Emperor
China
1628–1644
Empress Meishō
Japan
1629–1643
Philip IV of Spain
Portugal
1628–1640
Ibrahim I
Ottoman Empire
1640–1648
Emperor Go-Kōmyō
Japan
1643–1654
Hong Taiji
China
1636–1643
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1628–1637
Yongli Emperor
China
1646–1658
Pope Innocent X
Papacy
1644–1655
Tokugawa Ietsuna
Japan (Shogunate)
1651–1658
Emperor Go-Sai
Japan
1655–1658
Pope Alexander VII
Papacy
1655–1658
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Sweden
1628–1632
Charles X Gustav of Sweden
Sweden
1654–1658
Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Japan
1628–1629
Afonso VI of Portugal
Portugal
1656–1658
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Shah Jahan's life and times.
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