Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King
Audrey Truschke
Truschke's revisionist life challenges clichés about the emperor who ruled the Mughals at their peak extent.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1658–1707
Kangxi Emperor
China
1661–1707
Charles II of Spain
Spain
1665–1700
Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1658–1687
Charles II of England
England
1660–1685
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1658–1705
Frederick I of Prussia
Prussia
1701–1707
Charles XI of Sweden
Sweden
1660–1697
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1680–1707
Charles II of England
Scotland
1660–1685
Afonso VI of Portugal
Portugal
1658–1683
Emperor Reigen
Japan
1663–1687
Peter II of Portugal
Portugal
1683–1706
Tokugawa Ietsuna
Japan (Shogunate)
1658–1680
Emperor Higashiyama
Japan
1687–1707
William III of England
England
1689–1702
Mustafa II
Ottoman Empire
1695–1703
Pope Innocent XI
Papacy
1676–1689
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1658–1665
Mary II of England
England
1689–1694
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
England
1702–1707
Philip V of Spain
Spain
1700–1706
James II of England
England
1685–1688
Suleiman II
Ottoman Empire
1687–1691
Ahmed II
Ottoman Empire
1691–1695
Ahmed III
Ottoman Empire
1703–1707
William III of England
Scotland
1694–1702
Pope Innocent XII
Papacy
1691–1700
Pope Alexander VII
Papacy
1658–1667
Shunzhi Emperor
China
1658–1661
Mary II of England
Scotland
1689–1694
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Scotland
1702–1707
Charles XII of Sweden
Sweden
1697–1707
Pope Clement X
Papacy
1670–1676
Pope Clement XI
Papacy
1700–1707
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Aurangzeb's life and times.
The Last Mughal
William Dalrymple
Dalrymple on the dynasty's end, essential reading for what followed Aurangzeb's long reign.
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