A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
Afonso VI, regency, deposition, and the politics of the restored monarchy.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1656–1683
Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1656–1683
Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire
1658–1683
Charles II of England
England
1660–1683
Kangxi Emperor
China
1661–1683
Charles II of Spain
Spain
1665–1683
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1658–1683
Charles II of England
Scotland
1660–1683
Tokugawa Ietsuna
Japan (Shogunate)
1656–1680
Charles XI of Sweden
Sweden
1660–1683
Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1656–1658
Emperor Reigen
Japan
1663–1683
Oliver Cromwell
England
1656–1658
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1656–1665
Pope Alexander VII
Papacy
1656–1667
Shunzhi Emperor
China
1656–1661
Emperor Go-Sai
Japan
1656–1663
Pope Innocent XI
Papacy
1676–1683
Pope Clement X
Papacy
1670–1676
Yongli Emperor
China
1656–1662
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1680–1683
Pope Clement IX
Papacy
1667–1669
Charles X Gustav of Sweden
Sweden
1656–1660
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Afonso VI of Portugal's life and times.
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