
Tokugawa Iemitsu
- Life
- 1604–1651
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Charles I of England
England
1625–1649

Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1628–1651

Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1623–1651

Louis XIV of France
France
1643–1651

Louis XIII of France
France
1623–1643

Jahangir I
Mughal Empire
1623–1627

Charles I of England
Scotland
1625–1649

James VI and I
England
1623–1625

Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1648–1651

Pope Urban VIII
Papacy
1623–1644

Murad IV
Ottoman Empire
1623–1640

Philip IV of Spain
Portugal
1623–1640

Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1632–1651

Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1623–1637
Chongzhen Emperor
China
1627–1644

Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1637–1651

Empress Meishō
Japan
1629–1643

Ibrahim I
Ottoman Empire
1640–1648

Hong Taiji
China
1636–1643

John IV of Portugal
Portugal
1640–1651

Shunzhi Emperor
China
1644–1651

Tianqi Emperor
China
1623–1627

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Sweden
1623–1632

Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Japan
1623–1629

Emperor Go-Kōmyō
Japan
1643–1651

Pope Innocent X
Papacy
1644–1651

James VI and I
Scotland
1623–1625
Yongli Emperor
China
1646–1651
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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