The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1653–1658
Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1653–1658
Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1653–1658
Shunzhi Emperor
China
1653–1658
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1653–1658
Tokugawa Ietsuna
Japan (Shogunate)
1653–1658
Yongli Emperor
China
1653–1658
Charles X Gustav of Sweden
Sweden
1654–1658
Emperor Go-Sai
Japan
1655–1658
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1653–1657
Pope Alexander VII
Papacy
1655–1658
John IV of Portugal
Portugal
1653–1656
Afonso VI of Portugal
Portugal
1656–1658
Pope Innocent X
Papacy
1653–1655
Emperor Go-Kōmyō
Japan
1653–1654
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1653–1654
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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