Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Life
- 1578–1637
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Charles I of England
England
1625–1637
Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1628–1637
Jahangir I
Mughal Empire
1619–1627
Louis XIII of France
France
1619–1637
James VI and I
England
1619–1625
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1621–1637
Philip IV of Spain
Portugal
1621–1637
Murad IV
Ottoman Empire
1623–1637
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1623–1637
Pope Urban VIII
Papacy
1623–1637
Charles I of England
Scotland
1625–1637
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Sweden
1619–1632
Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Japan
1619–1629
Tianqi Emperor
China
1620–1627
Chongzhen Emperor
China
1627–1637
Empress Meishō
Japan
1629–1637
James VI and I
Scotland
1619–1625
Osman II
Ottoman Empire
1619–1622
Tokugawa Hidetada
Japan (Shogunate)
1619–1623
Philip III of Spain
Spain
1619–1621
Mustafa I
Ottoman Empire
1622–1623
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1632–1637
Wanli Emperor
China
1619–1620
Hong Taiji
China
1636–1637
Pope Gregory XV
Papacy
1621–1623
Philip III of Spain
Portugal
1619–1621
Pope Paul V
Papacy
1619–1621
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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