The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Charles I of England
England
1629–1643
Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1629–1643
Louis XIII of France
France
1629–1643
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1629–1643
Charles I of England
Scotland
1629–1643
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1629–1643
Pope Urban VIII
Papacy
1629–1643
Chongzhen Emperor
China
1629–1643
Murad IV
Ottoman Empire
1629–1640
Philip IV of Spain
Portugal
1629–1640
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1632–1643
Hong Taiji
China
1636–1643
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1629–1637
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1637–1643
Ibrahim I
Ottoman Empire
1640–1643
John IV of Portugal
Portugal
1640–1643
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Sweden
1629–1632
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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