The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Charles I of England
England
1625–1644
Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1628–1644
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1623–1644
Louis XIII of France
France
1623–1643
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1623–1644
Charles I of England
Scotland
1625–1644
Jahangir I
Mughal Empire
1623–1627
Murad IV
Ottoman Empire
1623–1640
Philip IV of Spain
Portugal
1623–1640
Louis XIV of France
France
1643–1644
James VI and I
England
1623–1625
Chongzhen Emperor
China
1627–1644
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1623–1637
Empress Meishō
Japan
1629–1643
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1632–1644
Hong Taiji
China
1636–1643
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1637–1644
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Sweden
1623–1632
Ibrahim I
Ottoman Empire
1640–1644
Tianqi Emperor
China
1623–1627
Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Japan
1623–1629
John IV of Portugal
Portugal
1640–1644
James VI and I
Scotland
1623–1625
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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