Actes and monuments
John Foxe
A well-regarded work on Charles I of England and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Charles I of England
England
1625–1649
Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1628–1649
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1625–1649
Louis XIV of France
France
1643–1649
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1625–1649
Louis XIII of France
France
1625–1643
Jahangir I
Mughal Empire
1625–1627
Pope Urban VIII
Papacy
1625–1644
Murad IV
Ottoman Empire
1625–1640
Chongzhen Emperor
China
1627–1644
Philip IV of Spain
Portugal
1625–1640
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1632–1649
Empress Meishō
Japan
1629–1643
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1625–1637
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1637–1649
Ibrahim I
Ottoman Empire
1640–1648
Hong Taiji
China
1636–1643
John IV of Portugal
Portugal
1640–1649
Shunzhi Emperor
China
1644–1649
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Sweden
1625–1632
Emperor Go-Kōmyō
Japan
1643–1649
Tianqi Emperor
China
1625–1627
Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Japan
1625–1629
Pope Innocent X
Papacy
1644–1649
Longwu Emperor
China
1645–1646
Yongli Emperor
China
1646–1649
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Charles I of England's life and times.
King Charles II
Arthur Bryant
A well-regarded work on Charles I of England and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
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