Philip III of France

Reign: 1270 – 1285
Life: 1245–1285

His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. Philip inherited numerous territorial lands during his reign, the most notable being the County of Toulouse, which was annexed to the royal domain in 1271. With the Treaty of Orléans, he expanded French influence into the Kingdom of Navarre and following the death of his brother Peter during the war of the Sicilian Vespers, the County of Alençon was returned to the crown lands. Following the War of the Sicilian Vespers, Philip led the Aragonese Crusade in support of his uncle, Charles I of Naples.

During Philip III of France's reign, Kublai Khan ruled China, Edward I of England ruled England, and Afonso III of Portugal ruled Portugal.

Want to learn more? Further reading

The Cambridge Illustrated History of France by Colin Jones

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The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

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