The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1259–1262
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1259–1262
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1259–1262
Louis IX of France
France
1259–1262
Henry III of England
England
1259–1262
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1259–1262
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1259–1262
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1259–1262
Pope Alexander IV
Papacy
1259–1261
Emperor Kameyama
Japan
1260–1262
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1259–1260
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1261–1262
Pope Urban IV
Papacy
1261–1262
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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