The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1264–1274
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1264–1274
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1264–1274
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1264–1274
Henry III of England
England
1264–1272
Emperor Kameyama
Japan
1264–1274
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1264–1274
Kublai Khan
China
1271–1274
Edward I of England
England
1272–1274
Louis IX of France
France
1264–1270
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1264–1266
Philip III of France
France
1270–1274
Pope Clement IV
Papacy
1265–1268
Pope Gregory X
Papacy
1271–1274
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1264–1264
Anna of Hungary
Rome
1273–1274
Pope Urban IV
Papacy
1264–1264
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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