The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1261–1264
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1261–1264
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1261–1264
Louis IX of France
France
1261–1264
Henry III of England
England
1261–1264
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1261–1264
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1261–1264
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1261–1264
Emperor Kameyama
Japan
1261–1264
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1261–1264
Emperor Duzong of Song
China
1264–1264
John IV Laskaris
Rome
1261–1262
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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