The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1260–1274
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1260–1274
Henry III of England
England
1260–1272
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1260–1274
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1260–1266
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1261–1274
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1260–1274
Louis IX of France
France
1260–1270
Kublai Khan
China
1271–1274
Emperor Duzong of Song
China
1264–1274
Edward I of England
England
1272–1274
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1260–1264
Philip III of France
France
1270–1274
Pope Clement IV
Papacy
1265–1268
John IV Laskaris
Rome
1260–1262
Pope Urban IV
Papacy
1261–1264
Anna of Hungary
Rome
1273–1274
Pope Gregory X
Papacy
1271–1274
Pope Alexander IV
Papacy
1260–1261
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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