
Recommended read
A Brief History of the Samurai
Jonathan Clements
A lively introduction to Japan's warrior rulers and the shogunates they led.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

James I of Aragon
Spain
1213–1276
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1248–1279

Louis IX of France
France
1226–1270

Henry III of England
England
1216–1272

Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1224–1264
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1249–1286

Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1250–1275

Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1246–1260

Pope Alexander IV
Papacy
1254–1261

Emperor Kameyama
Japan
1260–1274

Michael VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1261–1282

Theodore II Laskaris
Rome
1254–1258

John IV Laskaris
Rome
1259–1262

John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1221–1254

Emperor Duzong of Song
China
1264–1274
Pope Urban IV
Papacy
1261–1264

Pope Innocent IV
Papacy
1243–1254
Pope Clement IV
Papacy
1265–1268
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Jonathan Clements
A lively introduction to Japan's warrior rulers and the shogunates they led.
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