The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1254–1261
Prince Munetaka
Japan (Shogunate)
1254–1261
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1254–1261
Louis IX of France
France
1254–1261
Henry III of England
England
1254–1261
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1254–1261
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1254–1261
Valdemar, King of Sweden
Sweden
1254–1261
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Japan
1254–1260
Theodore II Laskaris
Rome
1254–1258
John IV Laskaris
Rome
1259–1261
Emperor Kameyama
Japan
1260–1261
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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