
Recommended read
Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England
William DeLoss Love
A well-regarded work on William III of England and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Louis XIV of France
France
1643–1715

Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire
1658–1707

Kangxi Emperor
China
1661–1722

Charles II of Spain
Spain
1665–1700

William III of England
England
1689–1702

Mustafa II
Ottoman Empire
1695–1703

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1658–1705

Emperor Higashiyama
Japan
1687–1709

Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1680–1709

Peter II of Portugal
Portugal
1683–1706

Pope Innocent XII
Papacy
1691–1700

Frederick I of Prussia
Prussia
1701–1713

Charles XII of Sweden
Sweden
1697–1718

Philip V of Spain
Spain
1700–1706; 1714–1724; 1724–1746

Charles XI of Sweden
Sweden
1660–1697

Pope Clement XI
Papacy
1700–1721
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
William DeLoss Love
A well-regarded work on William III of England and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
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