
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Louis XIV of France
France
1676–1689

Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire
1676–1689

Kangxi Emperor
China
1676–1689

Charles II of Spain
Spain
1676–1689

Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1676–1687

Charles II of England
England
1676–1685

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1676–1689

Charles XI of Sweden
Sweden
1676–1689

Emperor Reigen
Japan
1676–1687

Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1680–1689

Charles II of England
Scotland
1676–1685

Afonso VI of Portugal
Portugal
1676–1683

Peter II of Portugal
Portugal
1683–1689

James II of England
England
1685–1688

James II of England
Scotland
1685–1688

Suleiman II
Ottoman Empire
1687–1689

Tokugawa Ietsuna
Japan (Shogunate)
1676–1680

Emperor Higashiyama
Japan
1687–1689
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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