A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
Peter II, Brazil, the Methuen Treaty, and Portugal's eighteenth-century recovery.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1683–1706
Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire
1683–1706
Kangxi Emperor
China
1683–1706
Charles II of Spain
Spain
1683–1700
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1683–1705
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1683–1706
Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1683–1687
Frederick I of Prussia
Prussia
1701–1706
Emperor Higashiyama
Japan
1687–1706
Charles II of England
England
1683–1685
William III of England
England
1689–1702
Charles XI of Sweden
Sweden
1683–1697
Mustafa II
Ottoman Empire
1695–1703
Pope Innocent XII
Papacy
1691–1700
Mary II of England
England
1689–1694
William III of England
Scotland
1694–1702
Philip V of Spain
Spain
1700–1706
Charles XII of Sweden
Sweden
1697–1706
James II of England
England
1685–1688
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
England
1702–1706
Mary II of England
Scotland
1689–1694
Pope Innocent XI
Papacy
1683–1689
Suleiman II
Ottoman Empire
1687–1691
Ahmed II
Ottoman Empire
1691–1695
Pope Clement XI
Papacy
1700–1706
Ahmed III
Ottoman Empire
1703–1706
Emperor Reigen
Japan
1683–1687
James II of England
Scotland
1685–1688
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Scotland
1702–1706
Charles II of England
Scotland
1683–1685
Pope Alexander VIII
Papacy
1689–1691
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Peter II of Portugal's life and times.
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