The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1665–1700
Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire
1665–1700
Kangxi Emperor
China
1665–1700
Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1665–1687
Charles II of England
England
1665–1685
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1665–1700
Charles XI of Sweden
Sweden
1665–1697
Emperor Reigen
Japan
1665–1687
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1680–1700
Charles II of England
Scotland
1665–1685
Afonso VI of Portugal
Portugal
1665–1683
Peter II of Portugal
Portugal
1683–1700
William III of England
England
1689–1700
Tokugawa Ietsuna
Japan (Shogunate)
1665–1680
Emperor Higashiyama
Japan
1687–1700
Pope Innocent XI
Papacy
1676–1689
Mary II of England
England
1689–1694
Mustafa II
Ottoman Empire
1695–1700
Pope Innocent XII
Papacy
1691–1700
James II of England
England
1685–1688
Suleiman II
Ottoman Empire
1687–1691
Ahmed II
Ottoman Empire
1691–1695
Mary II of England
Scotland
1689–1694
William III of England
Scotland
1694–1700
Pope Clement X
Papacy
1670–1676
James II of England
Scotland
1685–1688
Pope Clement IX
Papacy
1667–1669
Pope Alexander VII
Papacy
1665–1667
Charles XII of Sweden
Sweden
1697–1700
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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