The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1663–1687
Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1663–1687
Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire
1663–1687
Kangxi Emperor
China
1663–1687
Charles II of England
England
1663–1685
Charles II of Spain
Spain
1665–1687
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1663–1687
Charles II of England
Scotland
1663–1685
Charles XI of Sweden
Sweden
1663–1687
Afonso VI of Portugal
Portugal
1663–1683
Tokugawa Ietsuna
Japan (Shogunate)
1663–1680
Pope Innocent XI
Papacy
1676–1687
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1680–1687
Pope Clement X
Papacy
1670–1676
James II of England
England
1685–1687
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1663–1665
Peter II of Portugal
Portugal
1683–1687
Pope Alexander VII
Papacy
1663–1667
James II of England
Scotland
1685–1687
Pope Clement IX
Papacy
1667–1669
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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