The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1808–1835
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1808–1839
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1815–1839
Louis XVIII of France
France
1815–1824
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1808–1825
Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1825–1839
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1808–1837
Isabella II of Spain
Spain
1833–1839
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1808–1835
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1808–1837
Ferdinand I of Austria
Austria
1835–1839
Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1834–1839
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1814–1833
Daoguang Emperor
China
1820–1839
Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1817–1839
Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1818–1839
Jiaqing Emperor
China
1808–1820
George IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1820–1830
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1808–1823
William IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1830–1837
Charles X of France
France
1824–1830
Napoleon I
France
1808–1814
John VI of Portugal
Portugal
1816–1826
Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1808–1817
Joseph Bonaparte
Spain
1808–1813
Pope Gregory XVI
Papacy
1831–1839
Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1808–1816
Charles XIII of Sweden
Sweden
1809–1818
Victoria
Great Britain
1837–1839
Miguel I of Portugal
Portugal
1828–1834
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Mughal Empire
1837–1839
Pope Leo XII
Papacy
1823–1829
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1837–1839
Pope Pius VIII
Papacy
1829–1830
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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