Charles XIV John of Sweden

Reign: 1818 – 1844
Life: 1763–1844

In Norway, he is known as Charles III John (Norwegian: Karl III Johan); before he became royalty in Sweden, his name was Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte. Following the outbreak of the French Revolution, he demonstrated great military talent, rising rapidly through the ranks and becoming a brigadier general by 1794. His relationship with Napoleon was turbulent; nevertheless, Napoleon named him a Marshal of the Empire on the proclamation of the French Empire. Bernadotte played a significant role in the French victory at Austerlitz, and was made Prince of Pontecorvo as a reward.

During Charles XIV John of Sweden's reign, William I of the Netherlands ruled Netherlands, Frederick William III of Prussia ruled Prussia, and Nicholas I of Russia ruled Russia.

Want to learn more? Further reading

A History of Scandinavia by T. K. Derry

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The World During Their Reign

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

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Go deeper on Charles XIV John of Sweden

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A History of Scandinavia

T. K. Derry

Bernadotte's dynasty begins, Napoleon, Norway, and Sweden's nineteenth-century realignment.

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