Explore who held power in each world throne this year.

Spain
Isabella II of Spain
all year
Western Europe

Portugal
Maria II of Portugal
all year
Western Europe

Netherlands
William I of the Netherlands
all year
Western Europe

Sweden
Charles XIV John of Sweden
all year
Northern Europe

Prussia
Frederick William III of Prussia
all year
Central Europe

Austria
Ferdinand I of Austria
all year
Central Europe

Great Britain
Victoria
all year
Western Europe

Papacy
Pope Gregory XVI
all year
Southern Europe

Ottoman Empire
Mahmud II
until 1 Jul
Eastern Mediterranean

Russia
Nicholas I of Russia
all year
Eastern Europe

Mughal Empire
Bahadur Shah Zafar
all year
South Asia

China
Daoguang Emperor
all year
East Asia

Japan
Emperor Ninkō
all year
East Asia
Japan (Shogunate)
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
all year
East Asia