The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1825–1850
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1820–1835
Isabella II of Spain
Spain
1833–1850
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1820–1840
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1820–1840
Louis XVIII of France
France
1820–1824
Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1834–1850
Ferdinand I of Austria
Austria
1835–1848
Frederick William IV of Prussia
Prussia
1840–1850
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1820–1825
Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1820–1846
William II of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1840–1849
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1820–1839
Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1820–1844
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1820–1837
Victoria
Great Britain
1837–1850
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1820–1833
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1820–1835
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1820–1837
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Mughal Empire
1837–1850
Pope Gregory XVI
Papacy
1831–1846
Abdülmecid I
Ottoman Empire
1839–1850
George IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1820–1830
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1837–1850
William IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1830–1837
Charles X of France
France
1824–1830
Miguel I of Portugal
Portugal
1828–1834
John VI of Portugal
Portugal
1820–1826
Pope Leo XII
Papacy
1823–1829
Emperor Kōmei
Japan
1846–1850
Oscar I of Sweden
Sweden
1844–1850
Pope Pius IX
Papacy
1846–1850
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1820–1823
Pope Pius VIII
Papacy
1829–1830
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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