The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
George III of Great Britain
Great Britain
1779–1801
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1804–1817
Selim III
Ottoman Empire
1789–1807
Catherine II of Russia
Russia
1779–1796
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1797–1817
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1801–1817
Louis XVIII of France
France
1815–1817
Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1779–1816
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1779–1790
Frederick William II of Prussia
Prussia
1786–1797
Paul I of Russia
Russia
1796–1801
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1787–1817
Frederick II of Prussia
Prussia
1779–1786
Jiaqing Emperor
China
1796–1817
Charles IV of Spain
Spain
1788–1808
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1815–1817
Shah Alam II
Mughal Empire
1788–1806
Qianlong Emperor
China
1779–1796
Pope Pius VI
Papacy
1779–1799
Louis XVI of France
France
1779–1791
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1800–1817
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1792–1806
Napoleon I
France
1804–1814
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1804–1817
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1806–1817
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Sweden
1792–1809
Abdul Hamid I
Ottoman Empire
1779–1789
Charles III of Spain
Spain
1779–1788
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1808–1817
Joseph Bonaparte
Spain
1808–1813
Gustav III of Sweden
Sweden
1779–1792
Louis XVII of France
France
1793–1795
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1814–1817
Tokugawa Ieharu
Japan (Shogunate)
1779–1786
Charles XIII of Sweden
Sweden
1809–1817
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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